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Version vom 9. November 2017, 11:57 Uhr
, 9. November 2017→World War I to World War II
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===World War I to World War II=== | ===World War I to World War II=== | ||
Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in [[1916]], three bombs fell on Munich. | Following the outbreak of World War I in [[1914]], life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in [[1916]], three bombs fell on Munich. | ||
After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, [[Ludwig III.|Ludwig III]] and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican [[Ministerpräsident|premier of Bavaria]] [[Kurt Eisner]] in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the [[Räterepublik|Bavarian Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, [[Lenin]], who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May [[1919]] by the Freikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the [[Nationalsozialismus|National Socialism]] rose to prominence. | After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, [[Ludwig III.|Ludwig III]] and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican [[Ministerpräsident|premier of Bavaria]] [[Kurt Eisner]] in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the [[Räterepublik|Bavarian Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, [[Lenin]], who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May [[1919]] by the Freikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the [[Nationalsozialismus|National Socialism]] rose to prominence. | ||
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In 1923 monarchists and nationalists, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the [[Ludendorff-Hitler-Putsch|Beer Hall Putsch]] (Gen. Ludendorff, Hitler a. o.), an attempt to overthrow the [[Weimarer Republik|Weimar Republic]] and seize power. The revolt failed at the [[Feldherrenhalle]], resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. | In 1923 monarchists and nationalists, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the [[Ludendorff-Hitler-Putsch|Beer Hall Putsch]] (Gen. Ludendorff, Hitler a. o.), an attempt to overthrow the [[Weimarer Republik|Weimar Republic]] and seize power. The revolt failed at the [[Feldherrenhalle]], resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. | ||
The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first [[ Konzentrationslager Dachau|concentration camp]] at [[Dachau]], 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the ''Hauptstadt der Bewegung'' ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and many ''Führerbauten'' ("leader-buildings") were built around the [[Königsplatz]], [[NSDAP-Gebäude in München und ihre Reste|some of which have survived ]]to this day. | The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the Nazis took power in Germany in [[1933]]. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first [[ Konzentrationslager Dachau|concentration camp]] at [[Dachau]], 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the ''Hauptstadt der Bewegung'' ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and many ''Führerbauten'' ("leader-buildings") were built around the [[Königsplatz]], [[NSDAP-Gebäude in München und ihre Reste|some of which have survived ]]to this day. | ||
The city is known as the site of the culmination of the policy of appeasement employed by Britain and France leading up to World War II. It was in Munich that British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region into Greater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires of Hitler's Third Reich. | The city is known as the site of the culmination of the policy of appeasement employed by Britain and France leading up to World War II. It was in Munich that British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region into Greater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires of Hitler's Third Reich. | ||
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Munich was also the base of some resistance like the [[Weiße Rose|White Rose]], a student [[Widerstand, Verweigerung und Protest gegen das NS-Regime in München|resistance movement]] from June 1942 to February [[1943]]. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in [[Universität München|Munich University]] by Hans and [[Sophie Scholl]]. | Munich was also the base of some resistance like the [[Weiße Rose|White Rose]], a student [[Widerstand, Verweigerung und Protest gegen das NS-Regime in München|resistance movement]] from June 1942 to February [[1943]]. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in [[Universität München|Munich University]] by Hans and [[Sophie Scholl]]. | ||
The city was heavily damaged by allied bombing during World War II — the city was hit by | The city was heavily damaged by allied bombing during World War II — the city was hit by 74 [[Luftkrieg|air raids]] over a period of six years. | ||
===Postwar=== | ===Postwar=== | ||