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After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, [[Ludwig III.|Ludwig III]] and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican [[Ministerpräsident|premier of Bavaria]] [[Kurt Eisner]] in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the [[Räterepublik|Bavarian Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May [[1919]] by the Freikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nationalsozialismus|National Socialism]] rose to prominence. | After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, [[Ludwig III.|Ludwig III]] and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican [[Ministerpräsident|premier of Bavaria]] [[Kurt Eisner]] in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the [[Räterepublik|Bavarian Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May [[1919]] by the Freikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nationalsozialismus|National Socialism]] rose to prominence. | ||
In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the [[Ludendorff-Putsch|Beer Hall Putsch]], an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. | In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the [[Ludendorff-Hitler-Putsch|Beer Hall Putsch]], an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. | ||
The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first [[ Konzentrationslager Dachau|concentration camp]] at [[Dachau]], 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the ''Hauptstadt der Bewegung'' ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and many ''Führerbauten'' ("''Führer''-buildings") were built around the [[Königsplatz]], some of which have survived to this day. | The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first [[ Konzentrationslager Dachau|concentration camp]] at [[Dachau]], 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the ''Hauptstadt der Bewegung'' ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and many ''Führerbauten'' ("''Führer''-buildings") were built around the [[Königsplatz]], some of which have survived to this day. | ||
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==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
===Munich International Airport=== | ===Munich International Airport=== | ||
[[Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß|Franz Josef Strauss International Airport]] (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow, Paris Charle de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid and Istanbul Atatürk. It is used by about 34 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km north east of the city centre. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines '''S8''' from the east and '''S1''' from the west of the city. From the [[Hauptbahnhof|main railway station]] the journey takes 40–45 minutes. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 20–25 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. A | [[Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß|Franz Josef Strauss International Airport]] (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow, Paris Charle de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid and Istanbul Atatürk. It is used by about 34 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km north east of the city centre. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines '''S8''' from the east and '''S1''' from the west of the city. From the [[Hauptbahnhof|main railway station]] the journey takes 40–45 minutes. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 20–25 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. A magnetic levitation train (called Transrapid) which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes had been approved, but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after heavy protests. Lufthansa opened its second hub at the airport when Terminal 2 was opened in 2003. | ||
The airport began operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the [[Flughafen Riem|Munich-Riem airport]] (active 1939–1992). | The airport began operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the [[Flughafen Riem|Munich-Riem airport]] (active 1939–1992). | ||
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*Julia Fischer, violinist, pianist, professor | *Julia Fischer, violinist, pianist, professor | ||
* | *Freddie Mercury, lead singer of ''Queen'' | ||
*[[Orlando di Lasso|Orlande de Lassus]], composer | *[[Orlando di Lasso|Orlande de Lassus]], composer | ||
*[[Richard Wagner]], composer | *[[Richard Wagner]], composer | ||
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*[[Franz von Stuck]], painter and sculptor | *[[Franz von Stuck]], painter and sculptor | ||
*Asger Hamerik, composer | *Asger Hamerik, composer | ||
*Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), painter | *[[Wassily Kandinsky]] (1866–1944), painter | ||
*David Dalhoff Neal, painter | *David Dalhoff Neal, painter | ||
*Brigitte Horney, actress (Münchhausen) | *Brigitte Horney, actress (Münchhausen) | ||
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*Helene Mayer, fencer | *Helene Mayer, fencer | ||
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*[[Lola Montez]], courtesan to King [[Ludwig I. | *[[Lola Montez]], courtesan to King [[Ludwig I.]] | ||
*Marsilius of Padua, Italian medieval scholar | *Marsilius of Padua, Italian medieval scholar | ||
*William of Ockham, English medieval philosopher | *William of Ockham, English medieval philosopher | ||
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*[[Justus von Liebig]], chemist | *[[Justus von Liebig]], chemist | ||
*Georg Ohm, physicist | *Georg Ohm, physicist | ||
* | *Wilhelm Röntgen, Nobel Prize winning physicist | ||
*Lucia Popp, Slovak-born opera singer | *Lucia Popp, Slovak-born opera singer | ||
*[[Albert Einstein]], Nobel Prize winning physicist, grew up in Munich | *[[Albert Einstein]], Nobel Prize winning physicist, grew up in Munich | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<references />- | <references />- | ||